Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty by Daron Acemoglu and James A. Robinson examines the underlying causes of economic disparities among nations. The authors argue that the prosperity of a nation is primarily determined by its political and economic institutions. They differentiate between inclusive institutions, which promote innovation and shared wealth, and extractive institutions, which concentrate power and wealth among elites, leading to stagnation. Through diverse historical and contemporary case studies, including examples from the Roman Empire, medieval Venice, and modern-day Korea, the book illustrates how institutional frameworks shape the economic trajectories of societies. This insightful analysis challenges conventional explanations that attribute national success or failure to culture, geography, or ignorance, offering a compelling perspective on the pivotal role of institutions in shaping the fate of nations.